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Harperley POW Camp 93 is a surviving purpose-built World War II Prisoner of War (PoW) camp built to accommodate up to 1,400 inmates at Fir Tree near Crook, County Durham in the northeast of England. A work camp for low risk PoWs, it was built on a hillside overlooking Weardale and across the valley from Hamsterley Forest. It was built, initially, in 1943〔http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-tees-30398060〕 by Italian PoWs to similar plans of other existing Ministry of War Standard Camps of World War II in Britain and was typical of many military installations around the country. It is the main camp for a number of satellite camps, also numbered 93. Nearby Bishop Auckland used Harperley PoWs and Oaklands Emergency Hospital was another installation numbered Camp 93. There were approximately 1,500 camps of varying categories and sizes in World War II Britain, and of those, about 100 were reported as 'purpose-built', such as Harperley. == History == The land was requisitioned from local landowner Charles Johnson, and then constructed on by the War Office and Italian PoWs who, on arrival, were initially housed in canvas bell tents. The everyday running of the camp was conducted by the military staff. The first Commandant was Major Tetlow. His duties were mainly confined to the camp although his residence was in Wolsingham, the first village northwest of the camp on the main A689 road. A recent report from one of the British guards confirms frequent, but discreet, lunchtime visits to a local hostelry, 'The Duke of York' in Fir Tree with Major Tetlow and two other senior staff members. Major Tetlow eventually retired to Wolsingham in Weardale in 1945, opening the door to his successor, the second and last Commandant, Lieutenant Colonel George Kinnear Stobart. He remained in command until the last repatriated PoW was released and the camp was officially disbanded in 1948. Like many PoW Camps, after its 1948 closure it was known as a DP (Displaced Persons) Camp;〔http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-tees-30398060〕 in this case it was known as 'Fir Tree'. The satellite camp Hamsterley Hall became Hamsterley Hall DP Camp, housing about 300 to 400 men from as far away as the new East Germany (the ''Deutsche Demokratisches Republik'' or DDR), Poland, Ukraine, Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania, countries occupied by the then Soviet Union. If those men had returned home many may have ended up in Gulags or Siberian Labour Camps. Large numbers of DPs were allowed into Britain, primarily in 1947, provided they agreed to work for about four years in agriculture, on farms, or in the mines. Transport between the DP Camps and the farms was Government-provided, the camps being run by the YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association) movement. There were a large number of similar camps including, in this area, Fir Tree, Villa Real (Consett), Gainford near Darlington and Windlestone Hall three miles east of Bishop Auckland, also on the A689; the childhood home of the then future Prime Minister Sir Anthony Eden. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Harperley POW Camp 93」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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